Your political privacy is governed mainly by election laws. Election laws regulate how your personal information from voters lists and registers of electors is used, what personal information is included in the lists, who the lists are shared with, and more. Election laws mainly regulate your personal information that appears on voters lists. Privacy laws, which govern your interests in privacy and access to information, scarcely apply to political privacy.

Election laws define what an electoral authority is allowed or required to collect and store. It also defines what can or must be shared with candidates and political parties. Each jurisdiction is different. Some, like Saskatchewan, collect less personal information than permitted by law. Most electoral authorities, including Elections BC, share less with political parties and candidates than they store and use themselves.

This guide is not exhaustive. For more information on what is collected in your province, please contact your electoral authority.

Your political privacy is impacted by two major categories of actors: election agencies and political entities. Election agencies are generally not within the scope of access to information requests or privacy complaints under public sector privacy legislation (e.g., Manitoba’s Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act). Similarly, political entities like political parties are not subject to private sector privacy legislation (e.g., the federal Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act) even though they are private organizations.

Election agencies are subject to personal information rules and regulations in their corresponding election act/legislation. Election agencies only collect your personal information to administer elections, and this process is strictly regulated by election legislation. Each agency maintains a permanent register of electors and creates voters lists from that register as needed for each election. Political parties and election candidates have the right to receive and use the voters list information only for election purposes.

The same cannot be said for information collected directly by political entities. When they do gain access to your personal information through voters lists, use of that information is regulated by election legislation. Political parties collect your personal information in other ways and for other uses,  which is not regulated by election laws or privacy laws (with BC being a notable exception; the BC Supreme Court found that its provincial public sector privacy legislation does apply to political entities [Liberal Party of Canada].) In fact, when political parties collect your information outside of voters lists, use is essentially unregulated outside of the political party’s own internal privacy policy.

A register of electors is a permanent database of potential voters. They are mainly built on information given to the Chief Electoral Officer of the province when a resident registers to vote (the Chief Electoral Office of each province or territory operates under the name “Elections [Province/Territory]”). They are usually supplemented with information from a variety of other sources.

The permanent register/list of potential voters goes by several names from province to province, including:

• Provincial List of Voters (British Columbia)
• Permanent List of Electors (Québec, Newfoundland)
• Voter Register (Manitoba)

Election laws clearly and strictly apply to election agencies and political entities who access your personal information through the development and implementation of registers of electors and voters lists. Understanding these databases is key to understanding your political privacy.

Registers of electors often store more of your information than voters lists but are used for strictly electoral purposes by elections staff, as opposed to being shared with politicians like voters lists. 

Provinces and territories more commonly outline clear methods of accessing, deleting, or protecting your personal information in registers of electors, since registers are permanent and continuously maintained. Voters lists, usually trimmed-down versions of the registers of electors, are impermanent. Often, by removing your information from your province’s register of electors, you protect yourself from privacy concerns that may arise from the distribution of any future voters lists.

To find out how to remove yourself from your province or territory’s register of electors, click on that province or territory’s tab under “Provincial Election Privacy.”

Voters lists are created during election periods using personal information stored in registers of electors. They typically include less data on each voter than is contained in the register. They are often distributed to members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), political parties, and political candidates. 

These recipients are limited in their uses of your information; usually, they can only use it to communicate with you to solicit your vote or a campaign contribution. If they use your information for unauthorized purposes, they may face heavy fines or imprisonment. 

It is less common for a province or territory to create a clear avenue for accessing, protecting, or removing your information from a voters list than for a register of electors. However, removing your information from the register of electors will often prevent it from entering a voters list, which will restrict politicians from accessing your personal information.

For more details on your province or territory’s voters list, click on your province or territory’s tab under “Provincial Election Privacy.”